NOTES 53 Letter from 28 April 1941 discussing the compulsory classes in painting techniques offered by Kurt Wehlte. 41 Cf. Rump, Gerhard Charles et al.: Ruth Baumgarte. !!Hommage zum 90. Geburtstag. Wichtige Werke aus sieben !!Jahrzehnten, ed. Samuelis Baumgarte Gallerie, !!Bielefeld 2013, pp. 7f. 42 Ibid., pp. 6f. 43 Cf. Pientka, Patricia: Das Zwangslager für Sinti und Roma !!in Berlin-Marzahn. Alltag, Verfolgung und Deportation, Berlin !!2013, p. 30. Statement made by the Sinto Oskar Böhmer !!in recollection of the Berlin of the 1930s. 44 Cf. N.N.: Das Sinti- und Roma-Zwangslager Berlin-Marzahn, !!in: Bündnis Kein Vergessen (ed.): Sinti- und Roma-Zwangs- !!lager Marzahn, Berlin 2009, pp. 13ff. 45 Alfred Lora, née Freiwald (27.8.1931 – ?). Cf. Gilsenbach, Reimar: Wie Alfred Lora den Wiesengrund überlebte. Aus der Geschichte einer deutschen Sinti-Familie, in: Pogrom. Bedrohte Völker, vol. 21, no. 151, 1990, pp. 13-18. 46 Cf. Gilsenbach, pp. 13-18. 47 Cf. Fischer-Defoy, pp. 272f. 48 Recollection of Alexander Baumgarte of conversations with his mother Ruth Baumgarte. 49 Cf. Kunststiftung Ruth Baumgarte, diary entry Ruth Baumgarte, July 1945. 50 Cf. ibid., diary entry Ruth Baumgarte, October 1946. 51 Eduard Alfred Gustav Busse (9.10.1914 – 23.4.2003). Cf. archive of the city Bielefeld, registration records, holding 104,3/register office, Nos. 18 and 35. 52 Cf. Kunststiftung Ruth Baumgarte, certificate of Eduard Busse for admission to a trial semester from 17 December 1941. In later years (1945), Ruth Baumgarte used the back of the document for a drawing. 53 Cf. archive of Berlin University of the Arts, Holding 8. Accession number: 189 – 193, here: class registers of the Berlin State School of Fine Arts in between winter semesters 1939/40 and 1943/44. 60 Cf. HfBK Dresden, archive. Holding: Art Academy. Accession number: 01/125, here: Ruth Busse’s application for admission to university, 1 August 1944. Cf. also Kunststiftung Ruth Baumgarte, affidavit made by Marie-Luise Bieder, née Krüger, regarding the Reich Labour Service on 15 January 1988. 61 Cf. Kunststiftung Ruth Baumgarte, war letter Eduard Busse, 30 October 1944, p. 7 62 Recollection of Alexander Baumgarte of conversations with his mother Ruth Baumgarte. 63 Cf. Kunststiftung Ruth Baumgarte, war letter Eduard Busse, 18 October 1943, pp. 3 and 4 April 1945, pp. 7f. 64 Cf. ibid., war letter Eduard Busse, April 1945, p. 4. 65 Cf. ibid., war letter Eduard Busse, 17 September 1944. 66 Cf. ibid., war letter Eduard Busse, 30 October 1944, p. 6. 67 Recollection of Hans Scholz (20.2.1911 - 29.11.1988) of conversations with his mother Ruth Baumgarte. 68 Florian Breuer (20.5.1916 – 18.12.1994). Cf. Schuchardt, Sybille: Florian Breuer – Weltenbummler und fast vergessener Friedenauer Künstler, in: Stadtteilzeitung Schöneberg, 29 August 2012. | https://stadtteilzeitung. nbhs.de/aktuelles/news-detail/seite/11/artikel/florian- breuer-weltenbummler-und-fast-vergessener-friedenauer- kuenstler/941/ | (accessed on 19 July 2017). 69 Galerie Pels-Leusden (ed.): Florian Breuer zum !!60. Geburtstag. Gemälde, Aquarelle, Zeichnungen !!und Graphik, Berlin 1976, p. 3. 70 Cf. Fischer-Defoy, pp. 202ff. and pp. 273f. 71 Cf. Ruppert, Wolfgang, pp. 12ff. and pp. 21ff. 72 Cf. Fischer-Defoy, pp. 211ff., p. 275 and p. 293. By circular letter from 27 January 1944, it was announced that Otto von Kursell (28.11.1884 – 30.8.1967) was appointed new Director in succession to the late Max Kutschmann (25.5.1871 – 1.4.1943). In the meantime, the vacancy was provisionally filled by the acting Director Wilhelm Gerstel (7.1.1879 – 21.1.1963). 54 Part of the collection owned by the Kunststiftung Ruth Baumgarte. 73 Cf. Ruppert, Wolfgang, pp. 8ff. 55 Kunststiftung Ruth Baumgarte, poem „Endlich Stunden“ (At Last the Hours). Separate sheet of paper inserted between the pages of the diary. 56 Cf. ibid., war letter Eduard Busse, 17 September 1944: !“I believe in you, because you believe in yourself”. 57 Cf. ibid., war letter Eduard Busse, 24 October 1943, and war letter Eduard Busse, 8 April 1945, p. 2. Here he requests to prepare a small package containing drawing materials. 58 Ibid., war letter Eduard Busse, 24 October 1943, p. 3. Cf. also war letter Eduard Busse, 18 October 1943, pp. 1ff.: This letter reveals Busse’s sense of responsibility towards his wife. To settle “most urgent financial shortcomings”, he instructed to have his pay of 200 Reichsmark disbursed to Ruth Baumgarte on a regular basis and he suggested to her to not delay arrang- ing a health insurance regarding future plans to raise a family. 59 Cf. archive of the city Bielefeld, registration records, holding 104,3/register office, nos. 18 and 35. 74 Cf. Fischer-Defoy, pp. 211ff. and p. 336. Kursell’s early membership in the party was dated forward to 1.5.1925 with retroactive effect. With the assistance of Rudolf Heß, he obtained the membership number 93. 75 Cf. ibid., pp. 211ff. 76 Cf. HfBK Dresden, archive. Records of study Florian Breuer, unnumbered. Breuer was enrolled at the Staatlichen Industrie- und Kunst- gewerbeschule (State School of Vocational Arts and Crafts) in Sonneberg as a guest student in between 17 April 1944 and 30 August 1944. 77 Cf. HfBK Dresden, archive. Holding: Art Academy. Accession number: 01/125. Here: Résumé Ruth Busse from 31 July 1944 and Fischer-Defoy, pp. 211ff. Not transferring to Primkenau, must, in any case, have been a conscious decision on part of Baumgarte, further eased by Breuer’s accompaniment to Sonneberg. Many of the students affiliated with the “Group Kursell” had simply been bombed out of their homes – left shelterless and saw the relocation as an opportunity to continue their work and as an improve- ment to their supply situation. In comparison, Ruth Baumgarte was not in such dire straits that her decision would result from suffering financial hardship. In general, the conditions of study in Berlin must have been difficult: according to statements made by Alexander Baumgarte and Annemarie Stübler, fellow student of Ruth Baumgarte, fellow students, who would comment on the matter of the constant bombings in a negative way in the hours they spent together in the air- raid shelter of the academy and express their hope of seeing them come to an end soon, would be informed against and often no longer be seen on campus. 78 Kunststiftung Ruth Baumgarte, diary entry, 7 February 1944. 79 Cf. Thuringian state archive Meiningen, Ingenieur- schule für Spielzeugformgestaltung und Maschinenbau Sonneberg (Sonneberg School for Toy Shape Design and Engineering), nos. 1027-1030, therein: semester certif- icate Ruth Busse issued and signed by Director Otto Keil on 28 August 1944. For the registration records in Sonneberg, cf. archive of the town Sonneberg, B4.04.1: Arriving from Berlin, Ruth Busse registered on 20 March 1944 and deregistered on 22 August 1944 before departing to Dresden. She lived on Bahnhofsstrasse 59. 80 Cf. Keil, Otto: Die Staatliche Industrieschule in Sonneberg. !!Eine Bildungsstätte für unsere künstlerisch begabte Jugend, !!in: Heimatkalender für das Sonneberger Land 1940, pp. 93-95. !!Cf. also Staatliche Berufsbildende Schule Sonneberg (ed.), !!Festschrift anlässlich des 125. Jahrestages der Gründung der !!Fachschule für Technik und Gestaltung als Industrieschule !!Sonneberg, Sonneberg 1928, p. 19. 81 Keil, Otto: Staatliche Industrieschule in Sonneberg. Kunst !!gewerbliche Fach- und Berufsfachschule für Spielzeug und !!Keramik, in: Deutsche Spielwaren-Zeitung. Puppe und !!Spielzeug, vol. 35, no. 4, July/August 1944, p. 220. 82 Ibid., pp. 222f. Amongst other things, Keil refers to the teachers that oversaw the separate fields. For the artistic field Drawing and Painting, the painter Arnold Viegelmann is listed. 83 Cf. Thuringian state archive Meiningen, Sonneberg School for Toy Shape Design and Engineering, nos. 1027-1030, therein: semester certificate Ruth Busse issued and signed by Director Otto Keil on 28 August 1944. 84 Cf. HfBK Dresden, archive. Holding: Art Academy. Accession number: 01/125. Here: Applicaton of Ruth Busse to be granted admission as a student. 85 Cf. archive of the town Sonneberg, B4.04.1 and Thuringian state archive Meiningen, Sonneberg School for Toy Shape Design and Engineering, nos. 1027-1030, here: student identity card Ruth Busse. 86 Cf. HfBK Dresden, archive. Holding: Art Academy. Accession number: 01/125. Here: Letter of Ruth Busse to the university from 14 September 1944. This letter was sent from Rheingoldstrasse 12, Berlin-Karlshorst. 87 Cf. ibid. Here: Letter of refusal of the administrative office of the university from 1 November 1944 with regard to the application for admission by Ruth Busse. Cf. also Fischer-Defoy, p. 275. A first decree issued by the Reich Ministry for Science, Education and National Culture on 23 September 1944 ruled that no new students were permitted to enroll at academies of art or music.