OUTLOOK “The blending of cultures, of the foreign one with the artist’s own, is il- lustrated vividly through a fluid exchange of impressionistic and expres- sionistic gestures—freely adapted from a dictum by the French cultural theorist Édouard Glissant, who argued: ‘No culture today is isolated from the other. There are no pure cultures; that would be ridiculous. The clue to life is not laid by the identical, but by the different. The identical produces: nothing.’”37 The present exhibition consistently follows this idea. It demonstrates that artistic forms of expression do not arise along geographical boundar- ies but rather from encounters, exchanges, and shared human experience. African art, as well as art from the African diaspora, is not a footnote but an essential part of global modernism. To quote Mulugeta Tafesse, it constitutes the “open storyboard” of a social life that is constantly being rewritten and in which losses, hopes, and concepts of identity are in- scribed.38 The Iwalewahaus understands itself as a place where these “stories” are collected, examined, and retold. Encountering Ruth Baumgarte’s work opens up a special perspective. Her work reveals the close intertwining of the visual cultures of Europe and Africa, inviting us to understand Africa not only as a motif, but also as a space of experience—a terrain where his- tory and the present, conflict and hope, closeness and foreignness overlap. 1 See Ruth Baumgarte. Africa: Visions of Light and Color, ed. Klaus Albrecht Schröder and Angela Stief, exh. cat. Albertina, Vienna (Munich: Hirmer, 2022). 2 Conversation between Ulli Beier and Janos Riesz, 1982, audio recording, Iwalewahaus archive (translated). 3 Ulli Beier (1922–2011) was a linguist, writer, patron, and cultural promoter. In 1950, he moved to Nigeria with his first wife, the Austrian artist Susanne Wenger, and began teaching at University College in Ibadan. 4 Beier and Riesz (see note 2; translated). 5 Ulli Beier, 10 Jahre Iwalewa-Haus Bayreuth. Begegnungen mit Kulturen Afrikas, Asiens und des Pazifiks (Bayreuth: Iwalewa-Haus, 1991), p. 4 (translated). 6 Georgina Beier (1938–2021) was an English artist who taught art at a cadet school in northern Nigeria in the late 1950s. It was there that she met Ulli Beier, whom she married in 1964. 7 Venues included the Náprstek Museum in Prague, an exhibition in Washington, DC, and, in 1979, the Horizonte ’79 exhibition at the 1st Festival of World Cultures in Berlin, which showed “modern art from Africa” for the first time and was considered a true broadening of horizons. 8 See University of Bayreuth, “Mashup – Neueröffnung des Iwalewa- haus am 30. May 2015,” press release, undated, http://fellow-me. de/site/assets/files/1084/mashup_pressemitteilung_deutsch.pdf (accessed February 3, 2026). 9 See Koordinierungsstelle für wissenschaftliche Universitätssammlun- gen in Deutschland, “Ausstellung ‘Feedback: Art, Africa and the 1980s,’” April 22, 2018, https://wissenschaftliche-sammlungen.de/ de/nachrichten/aktuelles/ausstellung-feedback-art-africa-and- 1980s/; Contemporary And, “Feedback: Art, Africa and the 1980s,” April 25, 2018, https://www.contemporaryand.com/en/events/ feedback-art-africa-and-the-1980s (accessed February 3, 2026). 10 Nadine Siegert, “The Iwalewahaus: Displaying Works of African Modernism,” Stedelijk Studies Journal 5 (2017), https://stedelijkstu- dies.com/journal/iwalewahaus-displaying-works-african-moder- nism/ (accessed February 3, 2026). 11 The official vestment of Catholic, Coptic, and Anglican clergymen is the soutane, or cassock, an ankle-length outer garment with narrow sleeves. In contrast, the soutanelle is only about two-thirds as long and resembles a tailcoat, frock coat, or short coat. 12 See Felicia Nitsche and Philipp Schramm, “Erklärstück – Eine Bildgeschichte der Künstlerin Atoinet Lubaki,” Aviso, Magazin für Kunst und Wissenschaft in Bayern 4 (2021), pp. 12–13. 13 Belgian Congo, now the Democratic Republic of the Congo, was a Belgian colony from 1908 to 1960. The country’s extraordinary abundance of raw materials had a profound impact on its history. Exploitation, forced labor, and the close intertwining of the “colonial trinity” of state, mission, and private enterprise led to urbanization and infrastructural development. However, it also led to social, cultural, and political upheavals, the consequences of which—exacerbated by the civil wars after independence—are still felt today. 14 Skander Kacem, “The Untold Story of Antoinette Lubaki: Congo’s Avant-Gardist Female Artist,” Kitokongo, February 14, 2025, https:// kitokongo.art/antoinette-lubaki-story/ (accessed February 3, 2026). 15 In 2012, the Fondation Cartier in Paris included Antoinette Lubaki’s work in the Histoires de voir exhibition series, initially exclusively under the name of her husband, Albert Lubaki. It was not until 2015 that this attribution was corrected in André Magnin’s exhibition Beauté Congo – 1926–2015 – Congo Kitoko. At the latest with the presentation of Antoinette Lubaki’s work at the 2022 Venice Biennale, where it was shown as fundamental to the understanding of global modernity and no longer as an ethnographic curiosity, her position has been newly anchored in art history. See also “Antoinet- te Lubaki,” AWARE website, https://awarewomenartists.com/en/ artiste/antoinette-lubaki/ (accessed February 4, 2026). 16 Margaret Trowell, a British art educator, conducted research on Ugandan art and local handicrafts. She worked as a curator at the Uganda Museum in Kampala from 1939 to 1945. 17 In 1944, Pierre Romain-Desfossés, a former naval officer, began teaching art in Élisabethville (now Lubumbashi), founding a school in 1946 that became an important early center of modern visual art in what was then the Belgian Congo. 52